Agencies - Writings:
Many analysts and strategists in the (Pentagon) indicate that the margin of the technological military superiority of the "United States";Many less than in the "Gulf War".
The American National Interest magazine has published an article; For “Chris Osborne”; He who worked in (the Pentagon) as a qualified expert with the Office of the Assistant Minister of the Army, about the developments in the "Desert Storm" process using new technology and new weapons that were not used before, while it was known: "The second displacement" and "Desert Storm"; It is one of the war operations launched by the coalition forces consisting of: 34 countries; Leading the "United States of America" against "Iraq", after it was granted the "Security Council"; The United Nations, in order to delegate to the liberation of "Kuwait" from the Iraqi forces, was known: "The Second Gulf War"; Between the years: 1990 - 1991.
At the beginning of his article;The writer indicates that the "Desert Storm" operation included the first combat appearance of integrity technology and the global navigation system;(GPS), missile warning systems, the most advanced reconnaissance aircraft radar, and large quantities of high -resolution bombs using the laser.
When the regulating sensors supported the GPS targets for the enemy, reconnaissance aircraft monitored the movements of the opponent forces, while the ghost launchers tracked radar devices with air defenses.In the early days of the "Desert Storm" operation, decades ago - in January 1991 - very few participants were likely to think how these attacks refer to a new era in the modern war.
A fundamental turning point ..
"Osborne" draws;Until that when old warriors, historians and analysts commemorate the thirty -first anniversary of the “Second Gulf War”;In February of this year, many of them are likely to see a military effort as a fundamental turning point in the course of modern war.
Many analysts and strategists in (Pentagon) rush to indicate;Until the margin of technological military superiority of the "United States" is much less than the "Gulf War" at the time of the "Gulf War".Since then, the potential "America" opponents have tended to learn from American weapons and have succeeded in narrowing the gap.
What is the world learned?
The writer indicates that the "Desert Storm" operation included the first combat appearance of integrity technology, the global navigation system, missile warning systems, the most advanced reconnaissance aircraft radar, and large quantities of high -resolution bombs using the laser, and according to what it mentioned;Maj.
Johnson retired from the Air Force;In 2016, after the end of a long career in the Air Force-it included high-risk combat tasks with A-10 aircraft;During the "Gulf War".Johnson spoke, before his retirement;To present a rare and expert view on the emergence of new technology during the "Gulf War".
"Johnson" said a speaker in (Pentagon);Several years ago: “We have seen the first glimpses of the desert storm;When it will become a transformation in the Air Force. ”The five to six weeks of air war, which paved the way for what became in the end, began a wild -hour invasion: 100 hours, with (Cruz) missiles and the Air Force and Army helicopters carried out a high -risk mission behind the discount lines to strike early warning radar sites.Johnson explained that two MH-53 PAVE LOW helicopters led the AH-64 AASI to Iraqi lands.
The idea of the task was the complete destruction of early warning radar;In order to open an air lane for aircraft to fly safely and attack Iraqi targets.The task was: "Successful."
"This was the beginning of the era of the global navigation system - the ability to accurately navigate anywhere and at any time without any other navigation systems.The (Beef Lu) helicopters were equipped with the device, but (Apache) was not.So (Beef Lu) was there to navigate (Apache) in the depth of Iraq;To find early warning radar sites.Now everyone has the regime on their own iPhone devices, but that day and time was a really revolution. ”
Johnson explained that the goals are priority;During the air war, it was the Iraqi artillery with the aim of hitting any potential capacity of "Iraq" to launch chemical weapons.Other priority targets included Iraqi air defenses, forces and armored vehicles, and command and control sites.The air attack included (F-117 Knight Hawk), B-52 bombers, F-15 Eg, and A-10 Wathugs aircraft;It is flying at low altitudes, and others.
The first combat appearance of new technology.
"Osborne" reported;While there were not many air battles during the "Desert Storm", the Iraqis tried to use a few (MiG-29) combat aircraft, but after being monitored by the US Air Force planes radar (F-15 E)-they were fleeingJohnson said.
Many of the fine weapons that are launched from the air appeared in this war, with the help of the upper reconnaissance and the global navigation system, which is largely referred to as: “The second displacement” - a moment in the development of the war characterized by great technological jumps."Johnson" explained that "the second displacement" brought its fruits in the late 1990s;During the "Allied Forces" operation, in "Kosovo".
The global GPS bombs, which are called: “JDAMs”, are not yet present at the time of the “First Gulf War” - but global positioning technology has witnessed a great improvement due to the ability of pilots and ground forces to know their location exactly; Regarding the surrounding areas and the movements of the opponents. In addition, the intense use of laser weapons for air assets allowed the Iraqi targets to determine the laser spot - and then increase the accuracy and efficiency of the task while reducing side damage. Johnson explained that: “Laser weapons; It has been present since Vietnam, but we used laser bombs in numbers that we had not used before. ”
It included some of the weapons that were dropped;Marack missiles, and bombs (Mark 84), which weighs two thousand pounds;That penetrates the fortifications, and (Mark 82);It weighs: 500 pounds, along with cluster weapons.The Marack missile is an accurate anti -armor weapon that uses accurate photovoltaic weapons to destroy targets."Johnson" added: "Marack has a camera at the front of the missile;Follow the goal and direct itself towards it.It is an old technology, but it is very accurate. ”
"Johnson" said that the mobile survey was in the form of the common radar system for reconnaissance and attacking targets or (JSTARS), and he had an unprecedented vision from the sky.The plane used the mobile target index on the ground and the "artificial aperture radar";Or (SAR), to present a "plate" or image drawn for the ground activity below.
"This allowed us to monitor the battlefield at night or day, regardless of the weather;And revealed the movement of the floor formations of the opponent.The Iraqi forces tried to attack the village of Al -Khafji, a large -scale movement by the Iraqi army, in the middle of the night, because they believed that we could not see them, but we saw them.
Thanks to this reconnaissance technology, the Air Force Commander was able to move the Air Force to the full operations theater to attack Iraqi formations."In (the desert storm), we had the ability to see dynamically what was going on in the battlefield, driving and controlling immediately.We also had the ability to navigate incredible accuracy, and then the ability to use accurate weapons - one weapon kills one target each time. ”
Johnson said that the "Desert Storm" also included the first appearance of fighting using satellite communications;While the sight, which is available, among other things, exceeds missile warning systems.Johnson recalls: “We did not shoot at all (Scud) missiles;That set out towards us, because we know where it will go. ”Johnson explained that the "Gulf War" changed the model of the strategic use of the Air Force;By allowing a single plane to hit multiple targets instead of using the bombs that are not guided to cover an area.
"We have started a change in calculations," said Johnson.Since the dawn of the Air Force, the calculations have always been-how many planes you need to destroy a target? .. The A-10 aircraft can throw a series of bombs across the targeted area in the hope that one of the bombs would hit.By the end of the nineties, the account was - how many goals can one plane destroy? ”
The wild war in the "Desert Storm" ..
The wild war was;That lasted: 100 hours, effective due to air war and tactical deception.The American amphibious forces were practicing maneuvers to show coastal attacks along the Kuwaiti coast;As this is a way to give Iraqis the impression that this is the way they will attack.
"Johnson" said: "The Iraqis saw these amphibious maneuvers," Johnson said.Because this is what we wanted to see. ”Using a maneuver: the famous (left hook), the American coalition forces have actually launched more attacks in the inner depth and managed to advance quickly with few human damages, through the weakest Iraqi defenses.
However, there were some famous tank battles in the open desert;During the wild attack.The American army tanks destroyed large numbers of Iraqi tanks and combat sites - in part due to the fact that the advanced infrared thermal thermals inside the American army's fighting tanks (M1 Abrams);The crews were able to discover the distinctive signs of the presence of Iraqi tanks without the need for surrounding lighting.
Although this gave the American forces an advantage - and the American army was overwhelmingly in the battles of "Desert Storm" tanks - there are some difficult clashes such as "the battle of the city's summit";Between the first armored division in the American army and the Iraqi "Republican Guard" forces.
The writer pointed out that the use of such accuracy from the atmosphere was the beginning of what was generally referred to as: “the war -based war”, a strategic air attack method aimed at attacking specific goals of the atmosphere without the need to destroy the infrastructure of the attack area.