All civilizations knew the five car planets and called it a car or khasa because they move between the fixed planets that are the stars, so they knew Mercury, the brilliant flower, the red Mars, the beautiful buyer and the slow Saturn.But, of course, they did not know any of the distant planets, such as Uranus, Neptune, Bluto and beyond, because all of these are dims that the abstract eye does not see..
Civilizations agreed that all these planets are distinguished by their movement between the stars, some of them claimed that they reincarnate the spirit of the gods like the Babylonians and the Indians, and some of them went further than that, so the gods thought them as the Romans and the Greeks did, so they called them the names of the gods, the gods of love, beauty and Mars, the god of war.Rather, the Arabs have established a famous idol for the Kaaba, which they called Al -Azzi, the feminine of the word Al -Azz.
The planet is confused that these planets are moving among the stars, as they had some strange characteristics, and the planet Mars is the most striking of them, as the Arabs were watching its movement between the stars from the west to the east and then it soon stands and closed back to the west, and after a few weeks returning to his first biography to the east.The Arabs called this movement the phenomenon of confusion, likening him to the confused man when he goes out and returns and then follows his path, and all central models of the earth have failed to explain this phenomenon until the central hypothesis of the sun was established..
Mars is the fourth planet as a distance from the sun, as its average distance from it is 228 million kilometers, but it is not the distance between it and the Earth, as they rotate in two orbits approaching them from each other and moving away, and their meeting is repeated every two years for an average distance of 65 million km by the major countriesTo send their spacecraft to this planet, which is a hope and future for settlement after the globe.
But this approach is the closest possible every 15 years to meet, so the features of the surface of Mars become available to the people of the earth even with small amateur telescopes, so the ice stain appears on the southern pole of Mars, consisting of water ice and carbon dioxide, and dark landmarks and other light on its surface appear with names that he does not expectMany, and sometimes the planet damaged a storm of red soil, which is mainly made of iron oxides that earn this rusty Mars..The nearest historical meeting between them occurred in 2003, only 56 million kilometers.
Arab landmarks between these landmarks, a huge landmark called the Arabian Peninsula (Arabia) for its likeness, which is a light -colored area attached to a dark landmark called Latin "Series Megor" (Sirte Al -Kubra), which is the Libyan Gulf on the coast of "Damra" located in Libya on the groundThat is why the name of Libya was entrusted as one of the landmarks on Mars map, as well as the names of Syria, Aden, Muwab and Sinai.
As for the map we examine well, we will find random Arab villages, whose names were launched there on Mars' nozzles. These villages are: Fakh and Wirf in Jordan, Denk, granting, and TigerI infidel in Iraq, the two rivers, a junction, and his tendency in Algeria, Jama, Kassara and Sfax in Tunisia, Sart and Al -Kafra in Libya, and the country in Palestine, and Mary in Syria, Melit, Chambi and Sinjah in Sudan, and Naji in Egypt, Sitra in Bahrain, Taza in Morocco, and finally the abundance inKuwait.
The International Astronomical Union has agreed to name meteorites on each planet with different names, while Mars' nozzles are called the names of cities and villages, so it is called Mercury's nozzles, for example, with the names of artists and actors, and the moon’s nozzles with the names of scholars, and so on.
Revolutionary visits, as Mars is session in less than two two years (786 days), it meets the land once every two years, and the east side shines at sunset in a phenomenon called the corresponding to remain apparent in the Earth's sky for six months (starting from May 22, 2016) brilliantlyWith its red red color, which is because of the brightest star of Scorpio stars, Antaris is the name of similar to Mars, and because of his proximity to the ground, it is seen with the naked eye in the evening as a bright red crime over the southeastern horizon around the world.
And because Mars has a air cover hundred times more thinner than its Earth's wife, and because it is located in the area of life that includes it and the earth, the scientists hope that Mars will become a safe haven for humanity after its environmentally reclamation or by building settlements under its surface that remain isolated from the severe cold that surrounds the planet, so the highest degreeThe heat that Mars acquires in the summer is twenty below zero, to decrease in the winter to less than a hundred and thirty below zero.And because the year of Mars is about twice the earth, one chapter on it lasts nearly six months.
Because of the intensity of astronomical institutions and the major countries in this nearby planet, the various international space agencies directed forty trips towards him, including what he visited on his way towards another goal such as Mariner and Don, including what was taken around him as an orbit like Odysseis, Eicondinsins and Mavin, including what has reached the surface of five vehicles, Viking 1978Then Bath Fender 1997, then the vehicles roaming on the surface of Mars, which are Spirit and Obercintei 2004, then Venix 2007, and finally Keriuste 2011.
On the way to Mars, the dreams of the leadership of Mars do not stop and will not stop. On the way to this planet, the Russian -European joint vehicle, Ecuzmars, who will reach it in October 2016 carrying the lip of the Xilabli, who will land on its surface..
Followed by 2018 and 2020, seven other vehicles, including the European "Eczom Maris Rover", the Americans "Marco and Mars 2020", the Russian "Eczoma Platform", the Chinese "Chinese Machine", the preparatory for the settlement of Mars "Red Drago") and the Emirati "Al -Amal probe or Mars Hoop".
Thus, the UAE becomes the first Arab country in the race towards Mars, as this probe will study the atmosphere and the Mars climate from its orbit around the planet.
However, there are 21 other plan to explore Mars, which is expected to be approved in its countries and space agencies affiliated.
_____________*Member of the Arab Federation for Space and Astronomy